Vol. 10, Issue - 1, Part A (2026)

Concept of Nephritis (Waram al-Kulya) and management in Unani System of Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

The Unani System of Medicine offers a systematic and holistic approach to health by maintaining the balance between humours. It mainly focusses on restoring humoral balance and management of lifestyle related disorders. In this era, lifestyle related disorder has significantly increased worldwide causing global health burden, and it became a major issue due to increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension. Nephritis (Waram al-Kulya) is a compound disease (Amrāḍ Murakkaba) that affect the renal parenchyma and other related structures. Waram al-Kulya is divided into different types based on temperament and chronicity, primarily Waram al-kulya Ḥārr and Waram al-kulya Bārid. Waram al-kulya Ḥārr is mainly caused by Damvi or Ṣafrāvi khilṭ, and Waram al-kulya Bārid primarily occurs due to Balghami or Sawdāvi khilṭ, it may also occur as a result of wrong treatment of Waram al-kulya Ḥārr. Classical Unani literature provides detailed and extensive knowledge about Waram al-kulya’s aetiology, pathology and management, but these are still unexplored and have not been systematically reviewed. Unani classical textbook & other recent Unani Research papers on nephritis were reviewed. The aim of this review is to study and to explore the theoretical concepts of nephritis and to highlight the importance of Unani pharmacotherapy for the management, that focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing sclerosis. This review offers a rational integrative approach that is helpful in the treatment and management of renal inflammation by combining both traditional knowledge & current knowledge.