Vol. 10, Issue - 1, Part A (2026)

Unani perspectives on cervical erosion (Qurooh-e-Reham): Pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy, and clinical implications in the context of modern evidence

Cervical erosion, also known as cervical ectropion, is a common benign gynecological condition characterized by the replacement of the squamous epithelium on the ectocervix with columnar epithelium from the endocervix. It represents one of the most frequently encountered findings in women of reproductive age, with prevalence ranging from 17% to 50%, increasing with parity but decreasing after age 35. The condition has been suggested as a potential contributor to desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, a chronic vaginitis of unclear etiology. Although benign, cervical ectropion is associated with symptoms such as recurrent cervicitis and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus (HPV), the latter two of which are implicated in cervical carcinogenesis.
Conventional ablative treatments, including cryotherapy, electrocautery, and laser therapy, aim to destroy the ectopic columnar epithelium but do not actively promote regeneration of normal squamous epithelium from basal cells and may be associated with side effects such as profuse discharge or recurrence. In contrast, Unani medicine employs drugs with muhallil (resolvent) and mujaffif (desiccant) properties, which are described in classical texts as capable of naturally resolving abnormal tissue while facilitating the restoration of healthy squamous epithelium.
This literature survey examines recognized Unani classical sources to identify single and compound formulations herbal, mineral, and animal-derived recommended by eminent Unani physicians for the management of Busoor-e-Reham/Qurooh-e-Reham (cervical erosion) and related conditions such as Warm-e-sulb-e-reham. A considerable number of these agents, intended for local and systemic use, have been documented. Further pharmacological and microbiological evaluation of these formulations could elucidate their potential efficacy, including any activity against HPV or Chlamydia trachomatis, thereby contributing to preventive strategies in oncology.