2025, Vol. 9 Issue 3, Part DPages: 261-266
An integrative study of temperament-specific susceptibility to stress-related emotional symptoms in premenstrual syndrome
Saba Zaidi
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Abstract:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by recurring emotional and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, with stress recognized as a major exacerbating factor. This study investigates the influence of psychosocial stress on emotional PMS symptoms-such as mood swings, irritability, and anxiety-across different Unani temperaments (Mizaj). A total of 119 participants were assessed using standardized temperament classification, the Anxiety-Depression-Stress Scale (ADSS), and a structured menstrual symptom evaluation. Temperament-specific variations in emotional PMS symptoms were analyzed. Logistic regression identified temperament as the strongest predictor of emotional PMS symptoms. Safrawi (choleric) women demonstrated significantly higher odds of irritability, tension, and mood swings compared to Balghamī (phlegmatic) women (B = +2.68, p = 0.005). While stress levels were moderately correlated with overall PMS severity, they did not independently predict emotional symptoms when temperament was taken into account. These findings suggest temperament is the dominant determinant of emotional PMS vulnerability, with stress acting as an amplifier. Integrating Unani and modern perspectives underscores the importance of temperament-based, personalized interventions in managing PMS.
