Abstract:This review aims to synthesize the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic application of Saussurea lappa Clarke (Qust), a cornerstone herb in Unani medicine, for managing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and sciatica. Through a systematic survey of classical Unani texts and modern scientific literature, we collated data on its traditional uses, bioactive constituents, and relevant experimental studies. The findings reveal that Qust is extensively documented in Unani classics for treating Waja'ul Mafasil (arthritis) and related conditions due to its anti-inflammatory (Muhallil-e-Waram) and analgesic (Musakkin-e-Alam) properties, and is a key component in formulations like Zimad-e-Khanazeer.
Phytochemical studies identify sesquiterpene lactones costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, and cynaropicrin as the primary bioactive constituents. Modern pharmacological research validates these traditional claims, demonstrating that Qust and its isolates exert potent effects by inhibiting key inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, COX-2), suppressing angiogenesis, exhibiting significant antioxidant activity, and modulating both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In conclusion, there is a compelling concordance between traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific evidence, positioning Saussurea lappa as a highly promising, multifunctional phytotherapeutic agent for musculoskeletal health. However, it warrants further investigation through rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials to standardize extracts, determine optimal dosages, and fully elucidate its molecular mechanisms and long-term safety profile in humans.
