Vol. 9, Issue - 3, Part A (2025)

Tauseef Ahmad, Mohammed Wahid Ansari, Omair Malik and Mohammad Shakil

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2616454X.2025.v9.i3a.378

Abstract:
Quercus incana Roxb. Commonly known as bluejack oak or grey oak, is a deciduous tree belonging to the Fagaceae family. It is widely distributed across temperate regions of Pakistan, the western Himalayas, and parts of South Asia, including Kashmir, Nepal, and northern India. Traditionally known as baloot in Unani medicine, various parts of the tree, particularly its fruit (acorn) and inner membrane (jufte baloot), are used for therapeutic purposes. Ethnobotanical evidence highlights its application in the treatment of gonorrhea, diarrhea, asthma, rheumatism, and urinary disorders. Pharmacologically, Q. incana exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, astringent, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical analysis reveals it to be rich in tannins, flavonoids, ellagitannins, β-sitosterol, and ursolic acid. Scientific studies confirm its free radical scavenging activity, with notable effects observed in n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts. In vivo experiments have demonstrated its significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animal models. Despite its medicinal value, excessive use can lead to adverse effects such as throat irritation and flatulence. Correctives like qand, safed, and sikanjabeen are traditionally prescribed to mitigate side effects. The therapeutic potential of Q. incana supports its continued use in traditional medicine and warrants further pharmacological investigation.