Vol. 9, Issue - 3, Part A (2025)

Eazaz, Zoheb Alam Khan and Mohd Nasir

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2616454X.2025.v9.i3a.377

Abstract:
Temperament (Mizaj) forms the cornerstone of Unani medicine, shaping physical constitution, psychological disposition, and disease susceptibility. Rooted in the balance of the four humors; Dam, Balgham, Safra, and Sauda, this framework parallels constitutional biology in contemporary science. The ABO blood group system, discovered by Landsteiner in 1901, is one of the most significant genetic markers in biomedical research, linked with infectious, cardiovascular, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. Recent studies have attempted to bridge Unani and biomedical perspectives by examining associations between ABO groups and temperaments. Emerging evidence, including cross-sectional analyses using validated Mizaj questionnaires, suggests possible links: group O aligning with circulatory robustness of Damvi temperament, group A with sluggish metabolic tendencies of Balghami, group B with inflammatory predispositions of Safravi, and group AB with restrictive traits of Saudavi. Furthermore, biomedical correlates of temperament, ranging from genetic polymorphisms and neurotransmitter systems to autonomic, hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways reinforce the plausibility of these overlaps. Although current findings remain preliminary, integrative evaluation highlights a promising avenue for personalized and culturally sensitive healthcare. Robust interdisciplinary research combining serological and genotypic data with validated temperament assessment tools is warranted to substantiate these associations.