Vol. 9, Issue - 2, Part B (2025)

Saba Zaidi and Afreen Israr

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2616454X.2025.v9.i2b.345

Abstract:
This study examines the development of human physiological conceptions, or Munafeul Aza, as influential physicians and intellectuals understood them before IBN Sina's (Avicenna) seminal contributions. Using primary Greco-Arabic texts, the study looks at the fundamental notions put out by Erasistratus, Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen. These early philosophers established important anatomical and functional theories of different organ systems, influencing the Unani medical system and serving as an empirical and philosophical foundation for subsequent medical advancements. Using a descriptive methodology, this work integrates and evaluates early physiological narratives that influenced human biology's humoral and holistic perspective. It also makes an effort to link new scientific discoveries with traditional knowledge.