Vol. 9, Issue - 2, Part A (2025)

Mashhood Nasir, Moh Jishan Gazi, Mohd Asif Hussain Usmani and Naziya Khatoon

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2616454X.2025.v9.i2a.340

Abstract:
Pharyngitis, an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, is a common condition caused mainly by viral infections. It may be acute or chronic, with symptoms like sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness. In the Unani system of medicine, Waram-i-Halaq (pharyngitis) is classified based on the imbalance of body humors: Damw? (blood), ?afrw? (bile), Balgham? (phlegm), and Sawd?w? (black bile). Acute forms are linked with sanguine and bilious imbalances, while chronic forms are associated with phlegmatic and melancholic disorders. Epidemiologically, pharyngitis is widespread, especially among children, often caused by Group A Streptococcus. Unani diagnosis includes humoral assessment and physical examination. Treatment involves eliminating the causative humor, using expectorants, demulcents, antipyretics, and external applications. Herbs like Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morus nigra L., and Cydonia oblonga, along with compound formulations such as Sharbat-e-Toot Siyah and Laooq-e-Badam, are commonly used. Venesection and wet cupping are also employed when necessary. This reflects Unani medicine’s holistic approach to managing pharyngitis.