Vol. 9, Issue - 1, Part B (2025)

Liver disease causes about two million deaths annually, with common causes like viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These conditions lead to reduced levels of agents that neutralize free radicals, causing oxidative stress and cell injury. In India, Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani practitioners have used herbs and herbal formulations to treat liver issues. To regain public confidence, research data validating the effectiveness of these remedies is essential.

This study focuses on assessing the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant (free radical scavenging) properties of certain Unani formulations traditionally used in the management of liver disorders. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are known to significantly contribute to the onset and progression of liver-related conditions.

Four Unani formulations: Arq Kasni, Arq Gulab, Arq Biranjsifa, and Arq Shahtara were analysed through preliminary phytochemical screening and subsequently evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined using red blood cell membrane stabilization and egg albumin denaturation assays, while antioxidant activity was assessed through the DPPH free radical scavenging method.

Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents in the tested formulations. Among them, Arq Shahtara exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting RBC hemolysis by 51%. Arq Biranjsifa, on the other hand, showed anti-inflammatory activity nearly equivalent to the standard drug diclofenac sodium, achieving 95% inhibition in the egg albumin denaturation assay. In terms of antioxidant potential, Arq Biranjsifa demonstrated a 79% free radical scavenging effect, which, although notable, was lower than that of the standard antioxidant vitamin C.

The in vitro studies indicate that Arq Shahtara and Arq Biranjsifa, used in India for nearly a century, possess moderate anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities, likely due to phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study provides scientific evidence supporting their use in liver diseases, though further in-vivo studies are needed for confirmation.